Prescription medications can be incredibly beneficial for treating a wide range of physical and mental health conditions. However, some prescription drugs are more susceptible to misuse, leading to serious consequences. Prescription drug misuse occurs when an individual takes medication differently than prescribed—whether by increasing the dosage, taking someone else's medication, or using the prescription to achieve a high.

In 2020, over 16 million Americans aged 12 and older misused prescription medications, highlighting the widespread nature of this issue. Misusing prescription drugs can have potentially dangerous effects, including addiction, health problems, and even overdose. Our Louisiana prescription drug treatment center is here to help those struggling with prescription drug misuse find their way to recovery.

Understanding Prescription Drugs and Misuse

Prescription drugs are medications prescribed to treat various physical or mental health conditions. When used as directed, these medications can significantly improve an individual's quality of life. However, misuse of prescription drugs can lead to harmful effects, such as addiction, medical complications, mental health issues, and the risk of overdose.

Key Statistics on Prescription Drug Misuse

Prescription drug misuse is a significant concern across the United States. Some critical statistics include:

• In 2020, 9.3 million people (3.3% of the population) misused prescription opioid painkillers. Additionally, 6.2 million people (2.2%) misused central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and 5.1 million (1.8%) misused prescription stimulants, often prescribed for ADHD.
• Young adults aged 18 to 25 are the most likely to misuse prescription drugs.
• Nearly 16,500 overdose deaths in 2020 involved prescription opioids, and almost 12,300 involved benzodiazepines like Xanax, Ambien, and Valium.
• Studies show that 21% to 29% of individuals prescribed opioids for chronic pain misuse them.
• Approximately 80% of heroin users initially misused prescription opioids.
• A 2020 study revealed that students in grades 8, 10, and 12 misuse prescription stimulants like Adderall the most, followed by tranquilizers and opioids.

Types of Prescription Drugs Most Commonly Misused

Prescription drugs most often misused include opioids, CNS depressants, and stimulants.

Opioids

Opioids are prescribed to treat severe and chronic pain. These drugs bind to specific receptors in the brain, disrupting pain signals between the body and the brain while also increasing dopamine activity. This leads to a dulling of pain and a feeling of euphoria, making opioids highly addictive.

Commonly Misused Opioids:

• Codeine (Fiorinal)
• Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Sublimaze)
• Hydrocodone (Vicodin, Lortab, Norco, Zohydro ER)
• Oxycodone (OxyContin, Percocet, Roxicodone)
• Morphine (Duramorph, MS Contin)

Side effects of opioid misuse include constipation, sleepiness, nausea, slowed breathing, and, in severe cases, overdose.

CNS Depressants

CNS depressants include sedative-hypnotic drugs, such as barbiturates and benzodiazepines, and "Z-drugs" used to treat insomnia. These drugs work by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity, leading to relaxation and sleep.

Commonly Misused CNS Depressants:

• Eszopiclone (Lunesta)
• Zolpidem (Ambien)
• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Clonazepam (Klonopin)
• Diazepam (Valium)
• Lorazepam (Ativan)

Side effects of CNS depressant misuse may include confusion, dizziness, memory issues, and slurred speech.

Stimulants

Stimulants are prescribed to treat conditions like ADHD, narcolepsy, and obesity. These drugs increase the activity of neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and dopamine, which play key roles in attention, motivation, and the body's "fight-or-flight" response.

Commonly Misused Stimulants:

• Amphetamine-dextroamphetamine (Adderall)
• Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
• Methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin)
• Modafinil (Provigil)
• Phentermine (Adipex, Ionamin)

Side effects of stimulant misuse can include hyperactivity, increased heart rate, insomnia, and weight loss.

Recognizing Prescription Drug Abuse

Identifying prescription drug abuse can be challenging, as it often disguises itself under the guise of legitimate medical use. However, certain behaviors may indicate a substance use disorder (SUD), which is the clinical term for addiction. If you or someone you know displays any of the following signs, it may be time to seek help:

• Taking larger doses or using the medication longer than intended
• Unsuccessful attempts to cut down or stop using the substance
• Spending a significant amount of time obtaining, using, or recovering from the drug
• Craving the substance
• Failing to fulfill responsibilities at work, school, or home due to substance use
• Continuing to use the drug despite relationship problems
• Giving up important activities in favor of drug use
• Using the substance in dangerous situations
• Needing more of the drug to achieve the same effect (tolerance)
• Experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not using the drug

Risk Factors for Prescription Drug Abuse

Prescription drug abuse can lead to physical dependence and addiction, even when the medication is taken as prescribed. Risk factors include:

• Taking higher doses or using the drug more frequently than prescribed.
• Altering the method of administration, such as crushing and snorting pills.
• Mixing prescription drugs with alcohol or other substances, which can be fatal.

To minimize these risks, always follow your doctor’s instructions and discuss any potential interactions with your healthcare provider.

Seeking Help for Prescription Drug Abuse in Louisiana

If you or a loved one is struggling with prescription drug abuse, it's crucial to seek help before the situation worsens. Our Louisiana prescription drug treatment center offers comprehensive care to help individuals overcome addiction and reclaim their lives. Contact us today to learn more about our programs and start your journey toward recovery.